| ︵ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠢᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ︶ | ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢ ︵ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ︶ ᠳᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ︵1628︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ — — | ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ | ᠳᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1630︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ︵1641︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ | ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠴᠣ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠧᠷᠵᠢᠯ᠂ | ᠳᠡᠮᠪᠡᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠳᠡᠩ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠷᠢᠵᠠᠪ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠪ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠩᠭᠠᠩᠪᠦ᠋᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠨᠠᠰᠧᠳ᠋᠂ | ᠨᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠯᠧᠵᠢᠯᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠯᠾᠵᠢᠯᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠯᠾᠦ᠋ᠩᠪᠦ᠋᠂ ᠪᠣᠶ᠋ᠬᠠᠦ᠋ᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠽᠧᠨᠡᠮᠢᠳᠠᠷᠠ᠂ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ︽ | ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠰ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ | ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠴᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ︵ | ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠥ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠶᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠣᠷᠴᠣ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ ᠦᠭᠴᠣ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ | ︵ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ︵ᠠᠯᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠶᠣᠵᠣ ᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ︽ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ︽ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ | ᠸᠠᠩ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠡᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ︾ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ 69 ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︶ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠤᠶ᠋ᠬᠠᠥ᠋ᠯᠵᠡᠢ ︵ᠣᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︶ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠣ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠰᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠡ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ 1918 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 1919 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠽᠡᠨᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠵᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ 1945 ᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ 1908 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠽᠡᠨᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠺᠧᠣ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ | ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ | ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠩ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠫᠣᠣ | ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠣᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠣᠭᠳᠣᠩᠷᠣᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠥᠨ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ | 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠣ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠢᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠣᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠱᠢᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠣᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠣᠩᠷᠣᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ | ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︾ ︵ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ 1936 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ︾ ᠳᠣᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠱᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠳ᠋ᠦᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠢᠨᠳᠣᠯᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ | ᠃ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠣᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠬᠢᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠦᠮᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠠᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠳᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠯ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠭᠳᠣᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠨ | ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠥᠰᠴᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠣ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠥᠰᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠤᠵᠣ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ | ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣ ︵ᠪᠠᠯᠢᠩ︶ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣ ︵ᠪᠠᠯᠢᠩ︶ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ ᠠᠳ | ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠨᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ | ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠳᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠶᠦᠮᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠣ | ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠳᠣᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠬᠳᠠ | ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ 70 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠣᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠣᠯᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠣᠯᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ | ᠠᠬᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠣᠳᠣᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ 1935 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨᠣᠴᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ᠃ ︵ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠽᠧᠨᠡᠮᠢᠳᠡᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ | ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠩᠬᠦᠷᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠡ | ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠮᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠣ | ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶ᠋ᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠰᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠣᠪᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠪᠣᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠣ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠼᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ︵ᠳᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ︶ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ︾ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠱᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠣᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠪᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︵ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠄ ︽ᠲᠠᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ᠄ ︽ᠲᠠᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠣᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠫᠣᠣᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠣᠣᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡ ︵ᠫᠣᠣ ᠣᠨᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠣ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ | ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠣᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠨᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ | ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠣ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ | ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠷᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠥᠮᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ | ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ | — ᠨᠣᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠪᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ | ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ | ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠄ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ︵ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ︶ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠳᠣᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠵᠢᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠱᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠁ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠭᠳᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠥᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠢᠰᠠ ᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠠᠰᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠡᠳ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ︵ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ | ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ | ᠺᠧᠣ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ 1942 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠣᠣ ᠮᠠ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠ᠊ | ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠹᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮᠴᠢ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠯᠾᠮᠣᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷ᠂ ᠭᠦᠩᠰᠡᠩ᠂ | ᠴᠣᠪᠣᠭᠤ᠂ , ᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠯᠠᠪᠰᠠᠮᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1᠂ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠣᠩᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 1937 ᠣᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠩᠳᠣᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ 30 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ 70 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠠ᠃ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 30 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠢᠰᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ᠂ 1944 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠳᠢ ᠷᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ 70 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ | ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ 20 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠷᠬᠤ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠸᠠ᠂ ᠯᠣᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠮᠪᠠ | ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠰ | ᠳᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 2᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ — ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠳᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠴᠦ ᠨᠢ | ᠴᠦᠯᠳᠣᠮ ︵ᠳᠡᠬᠢᠷ ᠴᠦ᠋︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 3 — 5 ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ | ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠣᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠵᠢᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠁ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 3᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠥᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ᠂ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠪᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ 50 — 60 ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡᠳᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 150 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︵ | ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ︶ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠥᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠯᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠣ ᠴᠦᠢᠮᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠵᠣᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠠᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭ | ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠣᠷᠴᠣ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠷᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠠ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠶᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠣ ᠳᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠬᠤ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠠ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠣᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠳᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠣᠳ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠬᠢᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠵᠣ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠯᠾᠠᠮᠣᠵᠠᠪ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠣᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ | ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠦᠭ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠣ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ | ᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠫᠣᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ 3 — 4 ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠣᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠣᠳᠣᠭᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤ ︵ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠳ | ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 3 ᠫᠣᠣ ᠣᠯᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠫᠣᠣ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ︵ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠩᠪᠣᠣ︶ | ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠵᠣ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠩᠳᠣᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠵᠣᠳᠪᠠ | ︵ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠩ︶ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠣ | ᠣᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ | ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1947 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠢᠷᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡ ᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠩᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷ ︵ᠳ᠋ᠠ | ᠶᠦᠣ︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠰᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ | ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ ︵ | ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ︶ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠰᠣ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ %% ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠨᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠁︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠭᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠳᠠᠨᠠᠷ | ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢ︕︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ | ᠳᠣᠰᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠳᠣ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠮᠣᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠴᠣᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ | ᠢᠳᠠᠮ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ︽ | ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠣᠳᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ | ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ᠄ ︽ᠳᠠᠨᠠᠷ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠳᠣᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠡᠴᠣᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠣᠷ ᠢ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ᠄ ︽ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ | ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠩᠵᠢᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ︵ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ︶ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠣᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠴᠠᠢ ᠣᠣᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠣᠳᠪᠠ ︵ᠰᠣᠪᠣᠣ︶ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ | ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ︽ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠣᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︵ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠸᠧᠢᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︶ ᠳᠡᠩᠵᠢᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠣ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ | ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩᠵᠢᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠢᠵᠣ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ᠂ ᠢᠳᠠᠮ᠂ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩᠵᠢᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ | ᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠮ ︵ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ︶ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ︵ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ︶ ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠥᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠨ | ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠯᠾᠠᠵᠠᠪ ︵ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠯᠠᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠄ ︽ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠵᠣ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠩᠳᠣ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠣᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠺᠧᠣ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠣᠴᠢᠪᠠ᠂ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ | 1948 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠺᠧᠣ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠵᠣ | ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠣᠩᠷᠣᠪ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠡᠪᠦᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡ᠃ | 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠸᠠᠴᠢᠷ ᠳᠣᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠭ᠍ᠴᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠥᠩ ᠰᠧ ᠯᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠣ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠠ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︵ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠰ᠊ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠣ 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠ — ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠵᠣ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠢ ︽ᠣᠷᠣᠨ | ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠢᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ | ᠮᠡᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠣᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠮᠣ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠤᠨ ︽ | ᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠷᠭᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ | ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠣ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠶᠠ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠣ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ | ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠣ ︽ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ | ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠩᠵᠢᠵᠣ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠣᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠣ — ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠩᠴᠤᠭ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠰᠣᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠡᠰᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠣᠷᠴᠣ ᠬᠢᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 130 ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠤᠨ | ᠭᠤᠶᠣᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠣ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠡᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠡ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠳᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠣᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠯ ︵ᠣᠳᠣ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ | ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ 1968 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠣᠷ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ︵ | ᠬᠠᠣᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ︶ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠢᠣ ᠱᠣᠣ ᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠳᠠᠷᠣᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠮᠦᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠵᠣ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠳᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠣ ᠪᠦᠯᠥᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠶᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠣ ᠳᠠᠮᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠦᠮᠥᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠥᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠥᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1969 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠣ ᠳᠠᠮᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠣᠩᠨᠣᠳᠣᠩᠳᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ | 1700 ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠭᠡᠣᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | 1988 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ | |